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TidBITS#334/24-Jun-96
=====================

As Adam and Geoff put the finishing touches on the CD-ROM for the
   fourth edition of the Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh, I'm
   wrapping this issue and making sure they eat. This week we bring
   you news of updates to Claris's Emailer and FileMaker Pro, as
   well information about LibMoto, Motorola's PowerPC math library.
   You'll also find the start of a multi-part article about the
   PowerPC chip and a detailed review comparing Suitcase and
   MasterJuggler.

This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 -- <[e-mail]>
   Makers of hard drives, tape drives, and neat SCSI accessories.
   For APS price lists, email: <[e-mail]>
* Northwest Nexus -- 206/455-3505 -- <http://www.halcyon.com/>
   Providing access to the global Internet. <[e-mail]>
* Power Computing -- 800/375-7693 -- <[e-mail]>
   PowerTower 180 MHz - the fastest Mac OS system ever made.
   Win a PowerCenter 120! <http://www.powercc.com/>
* America Online -- 800/827-6364 -- <http://www.aol.com/>
   The world's largest provider of online services.
   Give Back to the Net -- <http://www.aol.com/give/>
* EarthLink Network -- 800/395-8425 -- <[e-mail]>
   Providers of direct Internet access for Macintosh users.
   For eWorld refugees: no setup fee! <http://www.earthlink.net/>
* DealBITS: Low prices on Macs, memory, software, and more!
   <http://www.tidbits.com/dealbits/> -- <[e-mail]>

Copyright 1990-1996 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
   Information: <[e-mail]> Comments: <[e-mail]>
   ---------------------------------------------------------------

Topics:
    MailBITS/24-Jun-96
    Font Outfitters
    Fishing for Chips: Part 1

<ftp://ftp.tidbits.com/pub/tidbits/issues/1996/TidBITS#334_24-Jun-96.etx>


MailBITS/24-Jun-96
------------------

**No TidBITS Next Week!** Don't look for TidBITS next week,
  because it won't be coming. We typically take two to four issues
  off over the course of the year to attend trade shows and spend
  time with family, and we plan to take next week off, partly
  because of the Fourth of July, which is Independence Day in the
  United States. Look for the next issue on 08-Jul-96 - see you
  then! [GD]


**Emailer 1.1v2 Updater** -- Users of Claris Emailer can now
  update to version 1.1v2. Claris has made two updaters available;
  one that updates any release of Emailer to 1.1v2 (about 2 MB), or
  a smaller version that updates version 1.1v1 to 1.1v2 (about
  350K). Improvements include support for Claris's new OfficeMail,
  the capability to drag & drop text files into messages, improved
  address handling, and the capability to send folders as
  enclosures. [GD]

<http://www.fogcity.com/>
<ftp://ftp.claris.com/pub/USA-Macintosh/Updaters/>


**FileMaker Pro 3.0v3 Updater** - Claris has also released an
  update that updates the U.S. versions of FileMaker Pro 3.0v1 or
  3.0v2 to 3.0v3. The update corrects problems with calculations,
  ScriptMaker, and AppleScript, and improves relational portals and
  file recovery. The Macintosh updater is about 1.4 MB in size.
  Claris is also set to ship a version of FileMaker Pro 3.0 which
  (finally) supports Windows 3.1 as well as the currently supported
  Windows 95 and Windows NT. [GD]

<ftp://ftp.claris.com/pub/USA-Macintosh/Updaters/FileMakerPro3.0v3.hqx>
<http://www.claris.com/press/company/archive/fmp-win31.html>


**Official Motorola Library** -- In TidBITS-322_ we mentioned a
  PowerPC math library compiled from Motorola's PowerPC SDK. The
  library was later withdrawn due to licensing concerns and
  Motorola's intent to release their own version. Though it's a few
  weeks late, Motorola has indeed released LibMoto, which improves
  the performance of some floating point math functions on Power
  Macs. The shared library is available for free (a developers
  version is also available), although Motorola asks users to
  register online to download the library. If you don't do extensive
  number-crunching or graphics work on your Power Mac, you probably
  won't significant benefit from this library, but some users could
  see worthwhile performance improvements. I've seen unconfirmed
  reports of problems using LibMoto with the GeoPort Express Modem
  and some fax software (surprise!), so be sure to take normal
  precautions before installing this (or any) system software. [GD]

<http://www.mot.com/SPS/PowerPC/library/fact_sheet/libmoto.html>


Font Outfitters
---------------
  by Andrew J. Cohen <[e-mail]>

  I choose my fonts the same way I choose my clothing. I like to
  experiment - spreading them all out and trying them on one at a
  time. Although the Macintosh is legendary for its typeface
  flexibility, maintaining a large wardrobe of fonts has never been
  straightforward. To make a font available, you must quit and
  restart your programs before you can use it. It's like having to
  strip naked just to don a hat.

  That's why Symantec's Suitcase and Alsoft's MasterJuggler have
  long been essential components for anyone seeking sartorial
  freedom in dressing their words. For nearly four years, users
  suffered with Suitcase's antiquated interface as the product moved
  from Fifth Generation Systems to Symantec with barely a glimmer of
  support or continued development. In the meantime, Alsoft seized
  the opportunity to put the shine on MasterJuggler 1.9, with its
  rock-solid Power Mac compatibility. Now, Suitcase 3.0 offers an
  entirely revamped interface, and Alsoft has made moderate
  improvements in MasterJuggler 2.0 Pro, which began shipping in
  early June.

  Both programs are now Power Mac native stand-alone applications.
  Their goal is the same: to liberate your fonts from the confines
  of the System's Fonts folder, thereby enabling you to organize
  fonts on any storage device. You load only the fonts you need when
  you need them, conserving system memory and (often) drastically
  decreasing program launch times.


**Organizing Your Fonts** -- The first and most tedious step of
  font management with either program is organizing font suitcases
  on a server or local hard disk. You should remove all fonts from
  the System Folder's Fonts folder except Chicago, Geneva, and
  Monaco. If you use Adobe SuperATM or Adobe Acrobat, you should
  also leave behind Adobe Sans MM, Adobe Serif MM, and Symbol. You
  can then organize your other fonts any way you please - by
  project, by client, alphabetically, or even by vendor. Postscript
  font files must be stored in the same folder as their companion
  suitcases. In my graphics department, we first organize font
  suitcases into folders named for classifications - Serif, Serif
  Display, Sans Serif, Script, and Dingbats. [In typographical
  terms, a dingbat is an ornamental or decorative symbol. -Geoff]

  After setting up your font suitcases are set up, you use
  MasterJuggler or Suitcase to create sets that can be opened
  together. If you did a good job organizing your font suitcases,
  you can usually mirror that hierarchy in your sets. For instance,
  I store the font Times on my hard disk in a folder called Serif,
  and it is also a member of a MasterJuggler or Suitcase set called
  Serif.

  Creating and managing these font sets is the core of how Suitcase
  and MasterJuggler differ. I'll discuss each program individually.


**A Brand New Suitcase 3.0** -- In Symantec's Suitcase 3.0
  ($64.95, $34.95 upgrade), Symantec has kept the best aspects of
  the old program while totally revamping the interface. Suitcase
  3.0 takes advantage of several Apple technologies including Apple
  Guide, AppleScript, and QuickDraw GX fonts.

<http://www.symantec.com/compinfo/news/products/suit30pr.html>

  Creating font sets in Suitcase 3.0 that mirror the hierarchy of
  your font arrangement is easy - you simply drag individual font
  suitcases (or folders containing font suitcases) into the Sets
  window, and the program creates font sets with the same name as
  the folders. If drag & drop isn't available (it requires System
  7.5 or higher, or System 7.1.1 or 7.1.2 with the Macintosh Drag
  and Drop extension installed), you can also create sets with the
  Add button, and an Add All button can snag an entire folder of
  fonts at once, although you must create font sets one at a time.

  Suitcase sets can contain individual fonts, font suitcases, or
  even another Suitcase set. I created sets for each folder of my
  font archive (e.g., Serif, Sans Serif, and so on) before creating
  additional sets for each client or job. For instance, I created a
  set for making maps that contains my entire Dingbats set as well
  as some sans serif fonts.

  Suitcase provides two special font sets. First, it offers a
  permanent Startup Set that loads when you boot your Mac. Second,
  there are Application Sets, which load fonts whenever you launch a
  particular application. You can have as many Application Sets as
  you have applications; at home, I immediately created a MacInTax
  font set for those aggravating TaxType fonts which serve no other
  purpose, and you can do the same thing with most CD-ROM
  applications that come with custom fonts.

  Suitcase's Sets list looks like a Finder-style outline list, and
  it allows easy renaming, deletion, and sorting of font sets. You
  can easily view a set's contents by expanding the triangle next to
  it. Another Suitcase window provides details about exactly which
  fonts are open, which fonts remain stored in the System Folder,
  and which fonts are temporarily open.

  Suitcase 3.0 retains its ability to show fonts in their faces in
  all your applications' Font menus, although other font utilities
  offer more flexibility. Suitcase 3.0 can still compress fonts to
  save storage space, but they will not be recognized by Suitcase
  2.0, MasterJuggler, or the System Folder's Fonts folder. Suitcase
  can also automatically resolve Font ID conflicts.

  Suitcase has a font database file that can be moved to another Mac
  in order to share font sets with other users. However, in my
  testing, moving the font database file did not always prove to be
  a straightforward task. For instance, I found that referenced
  fonts in the sets must reside on a shared volume or Suitcase's
  reference to the fonts' locations will break. Suitcase can be
  scripted to automate the creation, deletion, and opening of fonts
  and font sets, but Suitcase is not a recordable or attachable
  application.

  Symantec has released a patch to Suitcase 3.0.1 which fixes
  several bugs. Note that the patch comes in three different
  versions: 68K, Power Mac, and Universal (Fat). If you installed
  Suitcase 3.0 using the Easy Install option, you must use the
  Universal patch.

<ftp://ftp.symantec.com//public/Updates/mac/suitcase/>


**A Somewhat New MasterJuggler Pro 2.0** -- The new MasterJuggler
  Pro. 2.0 ($49.95, $29.95 upgrade) is not a radical revision, but
  it eliminates many annoyances from version 1.9. Its new features
  include automatic font corruption detection and automatic
  reloading of temporary fonts (see below) after a system crash.

  Creating MasterJuggler sets that mirror your font's folder
  organization is a tricky exercise that must be performed one
  folder at a time. The operation involves dragging each folder -
  Serif, for instance - onto the MasterJuggler application while
  pressing the Option key. (My timing was off once, and I had to
  close a mess of individual font suitcases one at a time). If you
  have organized your fonts into ten folders, you must drag & drop
  ten times. It would be easier to create sets individually from
  within the MasterJuggler program, but even there you must wearily
  add font suitcases one at a time because the program fails to
  offer an Add All button. At least closing fonts has been made
  easier: you simply drag fonts or font suitcases onto the
  MasterJuggler Drop Closer application.

  Unlike Suitcase, MasterJuggler sets have never been stored in a
  central list within the program. Instead, each MasterJuggler set
  is an individual file that can be located anywhere on your hard
  disk or network. Whether this as an advantage or disadvantage
  strikes me as a matter of personal preference. Set files can make
  it easy to share font sets with other MasterJuggler users (such as
  a pre-press service bureau). The sets are independent files, and
  you can rename, move, and delete a MasterJuggler set like any
  Macintosh file.

  And that's also the downside. You can't rename or delete a set
  without tracking down the set's file on your hard disk. I decided
  to keep all of my MasterJuggler sets together in one folder
  because even viewing a set's contents requires you to track down
  its location. MasterJuggler's directory pop-up menu does list the
  last ten folders from which you have opened files with
  MasterJuggler, but it's still not as straightforward as always
  having your sets staring at you from within a master list.

  MasterJuggler's interface, comprised of two scrolling lists and
  ten buttons, is starkly reminiscent of System 6. The upper list,
  Available Files, is used to navigate to a font set or individual
  font. Once found, you can view the font set, edit it, or open it.
  Once you open a set from the upper list, it appears in the bottom
  list, Open Files. The font will now load at startup - unless you
  remember to press Command as you click the Open button.

  The Open Files window allows little flexibility. Individual fonts
  and font sets are mixed with minimal organization. Icons identify
  each item as either a font or font set (and as temporary or
  permanent), but you cannot sort within the window or edit an open
  font set.

  MasterJuggler 2.0 addresses two common annoyances with 1.9. The
  first involves MasterJuggler's insistence on adding all font sets
  as permanent. Unless you press Command as you add a font, that
  font will be with you every time you boot your Mac. In version
  2.0, a preference setting can reverse that behavior. Second, with
  1.9, I often spent ten minutes or more opening fonts as temporary
  only to be stung by a crash at some later time. Now MasterJuggler
  intelligently reloads any temporary sets after a crash.

  MasterJuggler shares many of Suitcase's advanced features - and
  occasionally surpasses them. It performs font compression (not
  compatible with Suitcase), and on-the-fly font conflict
  resolution. Font Guardian, a new addition, can scan a folder full
  of fonts and list problem areas such as corrupted fonts and
  missing PostScript files. Also unique to MasterJuggler is the
  ability to collect font files in a folder for output at a service
  bureau. It's a great idea, but it needs more intelligence: you
  must use an Open dialog to locate every font or font set one at a
  time before clicking the Gather button.


**Wrap-up** -- My preference for Suitcase 3.0 over MasterJuggler
  2.0 is mostly based on my personal perspective of how each font
  manager adapted itself to my work habits. Some users may prefer
  MasterJuggler's Finder-based font set management, but I feel
  Suitcase's interface and ease-of-setup stand head and shoulders
  above MasterJuggler's. New users will find Suitcase more
  intuitive, but users who have already invested time in creating
  custom MasterJuggler sets will ease their daily lives by upgrading
  to MasterJuggler 2.0. Personally, I'm through struggling with
  MasterJuggler's interface, and I'm planning to use only Suitcase
  3.0.

  Suitcase's supremacy is not firm. Adobe may shake things up with
  Adobe Type Manager 4.0, which looks strikingly similar to Suitcase
  3.0 in form and function. Symantec will have to show continued
  commitment to honing Suitcase if they wish to compete with ATM, a
  third-party utility that in many ways has become an essential part
  of the Mac OS.

    Alsoft -- 800/257-6381 -- 713/353-4090 -- 713/353-9868 (fax)
      <[e-mail]>
    Symantec -- 800/441-7234 -- 541/334-6054 -- 541/334-7400 (fax)
      [phone] (Europe)


Fishing for Chips: Part 1
-------------------------
  by Geoff Duncan <[e-mail]>

  When Apple introduced the Power Macintosh back in 1994, it pulled
  off an engineering feat that's rarely been equalled in the
  computing industry: Apple successfully migrated an operating
  system and the vast majority of existing applications from the
  68000 family of processors to RISC-based PowerPC processors. For
  those of you who are unfamiliar with the jargon, 68000-based Macs
  are often called "68K" Macs, and RISC stands for Reduced
  Instruction Set Computing.

  More than two years after their introduction, however,
  understanding the relative merits of PowerPC processors can be
  confusing, and Apple has further muddied the situation through its
  use of cryptic model names. What's the difference between a
  PowerPC 601 and a 603? How much does clock speed matter? What's a
  Level 2 cache? And what does any of this say about the difference
  between a Performa 5400 and a Power Mac 7600?

  Answers to questions like these are hard to find, and are all but
  absent from materials Apple and other Mac systems manufacturers
  make available. Further, news sources (TidBITS included) rarely
  explain these terms, since we have much to do just to keep up with
  the latest releases. So, with that in mind, what follows is an
  overview of PowerPC processors and some of the terms and
  technology associated with them. Next issue, I'll cover real-world
  aspects of PowerPCs, including emulators, system software, and
  performance tuning.


**Worth the RISC?** All PowerPC processors are software
  compatible, so as long has you have a PowerPC chip in your
  Macintosh, you can run any PowerPC-native Macintosh software.
  PowerPC-based Macintoshes can also run older software written for
  68K Macs, but in emulation mode, which tends to be a little slower
  than what you'd expect from machines touted as blazingly fast. 68K
  Macs, however, cannot run software written solely for the PowerPC.

  This doesn't mean 68K Macs suddenly become useless; most of these
  machines will be useful for years to come. I certainly plan to
  continue using mine. In a way, this is a problem for Apple and
  other software developers, since this long life span means plenty
  of people will use 68K Macs for years into the future, and these
  people will want to be able to upgrade their software in order to
  take advantage of new features.

  But, the writing is on the wall. As time goes on, current system
  and application software will increasingly only work with the
  PowerPC. It's unlikely that System 8 will be available for 68K
  Macs, although certain technologies will probably be broken out
  and made available for older machines. Similarly, software will be
  optimized for better performance on more recent PowerPC
  processors, so more recent processors have potential benefits.


**Of Clocks & Cache** -- I'll just take a moment to define some
  terms commonly used to describe PowerPC-based Macintoshes:

* Clock speed: Clock speed measures how fast a processor processes
  instructions, and clock speeds are measured in megahertz (MHz); 1
  MHz is one million operations per second. Current clock speeds on
  PowerPC-based Macs range from 50 to 180 MHz, and you can expect
  200+ MHz models soon. Before you get excited about a Mac carrying
  out millions of operations per second, note that - unfortunately -
  this doesn't mean millions of menu commands per second! An
  operation is a tiny thing - moving data into a memory location,
  moving data out of a memory location, or performing a logical
  transformation. Choosing a menu item requires untold thousands of
  operations. Similarly, one assembly-language instruction can
  conceivably consume hundreds of operations - particularly if it's
  emulated.

* Level 1 Cache: A Level 1 cache is a bit of high speed memory
  built into PowerPC processor. The processor can cache frequently-
  needed data here and access it rapidly, saving it the trouble of
  requesting data from RAM or disk. Level 1 caches vary among
  PowerPC designs, but loosely speaking, PowerPCs have between 16K
  and 32K of Level 1 cache. Because the cache is built into the
  processor, you can't upgrade it separately from the processor.

* Level 2 Cache: A Level 2 cache works much like a Level 1 cache,
  but it is separate from the processor and you can upgrade it. Some
  Macs ship with no Level 2 cache, though most currently ship with a
  256K Level 2 cache, and you can often upgrade to 512K or 1 MB.
  Results vary, but increasing Level 2 cache can improve performance
  somewhere between 5 and 30 percent, with best results for
  processor-intensive functions common to science, engineering, or
  high-end graphics applications. For many users, increasing the
  Level 2 cache is an inexpensive way to improve the performance of
  their Macs.

  A problem with Level 2 caches is figuring out how much you have -
  the About This Macintosh dialog doesn't report such information,
  and it's tough to figure out unless you know what your Mac model
  shipped with or you feel like opening your Mac and reading cryptic
  numbers on the cache module. Newer Technologies has a free tool
  that reports on a Power Mac's Level 1 and Level 2 caches (up to 1
  MB). Its results have been accurate on machines I've tested.

<ftp://ftp.newertech.com/users/ntech/download/cache22.hqx>

* Clock Multipliers (or Bus Divider Ratio): A clock multiplier
  allows a processor to run faster than a computer's bus oscillator,
  and it's one way recent machines have achieved such astoundingly
  high clock speeds. As an example, the PowerTower 180 sports a
  PowerPC 604 running at 180 MHz. Power Computing did this by using
  the 3x clock multiplier built into the PowerPC 604 in combination
  with a 60 MHz bus speed on the PowerTower motherboard. Similarly,
  Apple's Power Mac 9500/150 runs at 150 MHz, three times the unit's
  50 MHz bus speed. Different PowerPC chips have different clock
  multipliers available; for instance, the Performa 6300 uses the
  PowerPC 603e's 2.5x multiplier to get to 100 MHz using a 40 MHz
  bus, speed. The upcoming PowerPC 603e-200 and 604e also have 4x,
  5x, and 6x multipliers.


**Current PowerPCs** -- Here's a brief outline of the PowerPC
  processor family as it relates to the Macintosh.

* PowerPC 601: The 601 has the honor of having been the first
  PowerPC processor available, and it's at the heart of many systems
  from Apple, IBM, Power Computing, Radius, and other vendors. Mac
  systems based on the 601 range from 60 to 120 MHz. Development of
  the 601 has basically ceased in favor of newer processors;
  however, 601-based systems are certainly still viable today.

* PowerPC 603: The 603 is intended to be a low-power version of
  the 601, aimed at laptops and other devices where power
  consumption and heat are significant design factors. The PowerPC
  603 typically uses between one-quarter and one-third the power of
  a PowerPC 601 running at the same clock speed. The 603 is also
  supposed to be equivalent in performance to a 601 at the same
  clock speed. However, that didn't prove to be the case in Apple's
  early 603-based 5200 and 6200 series LCs and Performas, or
  prototype PowerPC-based PowerBooks, mostly due to the 603's small
  Level 1 cache. A 75 MHz 603 delivered roughly the same real-world
  performance as a 60 MHz 601.

* PowerPC 603e: The PowerPC 603e (also known as the 603+) is
  basically a 603 with a larger cache and higher clock speed, and is
  equivalent in performance to a PowerPC 601 at the same clock
  speed. Most 603-based Mac systems shipping today (including
  desktop units and PowerBooks) use the 603e chip. Machines based on
  the 603e should be around for some time, and their speed and
  performance should continue to improve. Right now, shipping 603e
  systems peak at 120 MHz.

* PowerPC 604: At the moment, the PowerPC 604 chip comes at the
  high end of the line, with configurations currently shipping at
  speeds of 120 to 180 MHz. The PowerPC 604 is intended for high-end
  workstations and servers, and a PowerPC 604 is, roughly speaking,
  about 50 to 75 percent faster than a 601 running at the same
  speed, making it the chip of choice for users with processor-
  intensive tasks. It also consumes two to three times the power of
  a 601, so don't expect to see a 604 in a laptop or hand-held
  device.

* PowerPC 602: The 602 is a lower-end chip intended for set-top
  boxes and similar devices. I don't know of any Macintosh-related
  projects using the 602, but 3D0 plans to use it in a 64-bit game
  console codenamed M2.

<http://www.3do.com/3dosystems/m2/>


**Future PowerPCs** -- The PowerPC shows no signs of slowing down
  in terms of developments of faster processors. Future processors
  should include the PowerPC 603e-200, which is essentially a 200
  MHz version of the PowerPC 603e, sporting that processor's low
  power requirements and higher clock multipliers. If you'd rather
  think about improvements to the 604, think about the PowerPC 604e,
  an enhanced version of the 604, offering higher speeds (166, 180,
  and 200 MHz, to start with), larger clock multipliers, and
  increased processor cache size. Quantities of the 604e are
  shipping right now, and you can expect to see high-speed 604e-
  based machines from Apple, Power Computing, and other vendors
  later in 1996.

  If you think the 604 is fast, the forthcoming PowerPC 620 is the
  first 64-bit PowerPC implementation, and it's an even higher-
  performance processor designed for very high-end systems. The
  PowerPC 620 uses the same basic design process as the 604e.
  Although the 620 has been delayed more than a year by problems
  with technology and reported staffing problems, I expect to see
  620-based machines available from Apple and other vendors by early
  1997, and some manufacturers have versions of the 620 in-hand now,
  reportedly running at 200 MHz. The 620 is geared toward multi-
  processor implementations and transaction processing, and could
  support up to a whopping 128 MB of Level 2 cache.

  IBM and Motorola are currently the sole providers of PowerPC
  chips, but a little company in San Jose could change that. IBM has
  granted Exponential Technology a licence to develop PowerPC-
  compatible processors. Headed by CEO Rick Shriner, a former Apple
  vice president, and other industry veterans, Exponential plans to
  use BiCMOS technology to form its processors' core logic, while
  using more conventional CMOS for on-chip memory - sort of the
  reverse of the way Pentium chips are manufactured. Although
  Exponential hasn't made specific speed claims, it anticipates
  achieving twice the performance of today's microprocessors, which
  would put their processors in the 300 to 400 MHz range.
  Exponential still has to prove the feasibility of its technology,
  but the company has significant financial backing from Apple and
  other investors, and it claims that its chips will be ready in
  early 1997.

<http://www.exp.com/>


**Stay Tuned** -- Next issue, I'll talk about emulators, system
  software, real-world performance, and how to use this information
  when buying a Power Mac. Please note that we'll be taking a brief
  vacation for the Fourth of July and there will be no issue next
  week.


$$

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